Konstruktionen af genbrugskanaler for strømlithiumbatterier nærmer sig et kritisk øjeblik
Mens den nye energikøretøjsindustri blomstrer og udvikler sig, er spørgsmålet om genbrug af strømbatterier også blevet industriens fokus. Efter flere års udvikling nærmer masseophugningsperioden for nye energikøretøjer sig. Hvis et stort antal udtjente batterier ikke kan genanvendes og udnyttes korrekt, vil det ikke kun føre til ressourcespild, men også medføre problemer som miljøforurening.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Industrielle smertepunkter: høje omkostninger, svag økonomi
Pensionsperioden for nye energi-personbiler er normalt 5 år, og for personbiler og erhvervskøretøjer er den 3 år. Før 2022 vil de udtjente batterier være domineret af lithiumjernfosfatbatterier. Efter 2022 vil antallet af udtjente ternære batterier være det samme som for lithiumjernfosfat og vil gradvist overgå dem. Den teoretiske nedlukningskapacitet for strømbatterier i 2018 forventes at være 5,14GWh, og kilden til nedlukningen er hovedsageligt nye energibusser.
Reporteren erfarede, at de virksomheder, der har indsat relaterede virksomheder, hovedsageligt er opdelt i fem kategorier: traditionelle genbrugsvirksomheder, nye genbrugsvirksomheder, batteripakkefabrikker, batterimaterialevirksomheder og bilproducenter.
Forskellige typer virksomheder har forskellige fordele og ulemper. For eksempel har traditionelle genbrugsvirksomheder relativt fordele inden for genbrugskanaler, materialeregenereringsteknologi, batteriknusningsteknologi og smelteteknologi, men på grund af deres egen mangel på strømbatterikilder er de stadig nødt til at samarbejde med OEM'er og skrotanlæg. Fordelene ved nye genbrugsvirksomheder afspejles hovedsageligt i teknologier til knusning og demontering af batterier.
På nuværende tidspunkt omfatter behandlingsmetoderne for udtjente batterier hovedsageligt pyrometallurgiteknologi og hydrometallurgiteknologi. Wang Haibei, direktør for Metallurgical Research and Design Institute of Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd., sagde, at smeltningsprocessen for den eksisterende teknologi er meget kompliceret og vanskelig.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Statsvirksomheder går sammen for at søge gennembrud
Som svar på ovenstående problemer har relevante statslige departementer udstedt en række industripolitikker for at vejlede og regulere genbrugsindustrien for strømbatterier.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Ifølge rapporter, efter at det pensionerede batteri har bestået evalueringen, kan kaskadeudnyttelsesforbindelsen udføres for at hjælpe energilagringssystemet med at forbedre den overordnede økonomi og maksimere lithiumbatteriernes cykluslevetid. På nuværende tidspunkt har mange virksomheder udført demonstrationsprojekter for kaskadeudnyttelse.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Dybtgående-samarbejde om at polere industrikæden
Det er underforstået, at genbrugssystemet for strømbatterier involverer mange interessenter såsom bilvirksomheder, batteriproducenter, batterigenbrugsvirksomheder osv. Kæden er lang, og der er stadig mange vanskeligheder i selve driftsprocessen.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Det er rapporteret, at en række virksomheder har implementeret genbrug af strømbatterier i dette blå hav:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
I januar 2018 underskrev China Tower Corporation og 16 virksomheder, inklusive Sound Group, en strategisk partnerskabsaftale for genanvendelse af nye batterier til energikøretøjer. China Tower Company vil bruge strømbatteriet, der er trukket tilbage fra den rene elektriske bus, efter test, sortering og omorganisering, til at erstatte bly-batteriet til kommunikationsbasestationens energibackup.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
